The Analysis of Culture--Raymond Williams
p.48:three definition of culture
1.the ideal, in which culture is a state or process of human perfection, in trems of certain absolute or universal values.
2.there is a documentary, in which culture is the body of intellectual and imaginative work, in which human thought and experience are variously record.
3.there is a social definition of culture, in which culture is a description of a particular way of life. Not only in art and learning but also in institutions and ordinaty behaviour.
==01>ideal 02>documentary 03>social
p.49:
1.looking for meanings and values not only in art and intellectual work but also in institutions and forms of behaviour.
2.I accept the criticism that these are normally an extension of the values of a particular tradition or society.
3.The variations of meaning and reference must be seen not simply as a disadvantage, but as a genuine complexity, corresponding to real elements in experience.
p.50:
1.any adequate theoru of culture must include the three areas of fact to which the definition point. And conversely that any particular definition, which would exclude reference to others, is inadequate.
p.50:
1.an 'ideal' definition which attempts to abstract the process it describes is unacceptable.
2.A 'documentary' definition which sees value only in the written and printed records is unacceptable.
3.a 'social' definition, which treats either the general process or the body of art and learning as mere by-product, is unacceptable.
4.examples for three unacceptable.
p.50:
1.while we could not abstract the ideal value or the specific document, neither could we reduce these to explanation within the local terms of particular culture.
2.It was an error to suppose that values or art-works could be adequately studied without reference to particular society, but it is equally an error to suppose that social explanation is determining.(p.50-51)
p.51
3.without activities the whole of the human organization at that place and time could not have been realized.
4.Thus, art can be seen as expressing certain elements in the organization.
5.we can only study the varying way in which the particular activities and their interrelations were affected.
p.52:
1.history of culture can only be written when the active relation are restored, and the activities seen in a genuine parity.
2.I would define the theory of culture as the study of relationships between elements in a whole way of life.
3.The analysis of culture is the attempt to discover the nature of the organization which is the complex of these relationships.
4.Analysis of particular works or the organization is analysis of their essential kind of organization.
5.it is with the discovery of patterns of a characteristic kind that any useful cultural analysis begins.
6.and it is with the relationships between these patterns that general cultural analysis is concerned.
p.53:
1.because it is on 'structure of feeling' that communication depends.
2.structure of feeling is not seem to be 'learned.'
3.one generation may train it successor, but new generation will have its own structure of feeling, which will NOT appear to have come 'from' anywhere.
p.53:
1.once a structure die, the nearest we can get is documentary culture(poems...).
2.a significance of an activity must be sought in terms of the whole organization.
p.54:
1.the survial is governed, not by the period itself, but by new period, which gradually compose a tradition.
2.no later individual can wholly recover the sense of the life within which the novels were writen, and which we now approach through our slection.
3.not only that certain general characteristics of novel in this period have been set down, but also that a reasonably agreed short list has been made.
4.yo any of us who had lived this long process through, it would remain true that elements important to us had been neglected.(why those young people don't read X any more...)(p.54-5)
p.55:
5.we are always seeing examples of this[our generation way], and one complicating factor is that none of us stay still.
6.when living witnesses had gone, a further change would occur.
p.55:
1.the selective tradition creats a general human culture.
2.the selective tradition creats the historical record of particular society.
3.the selective tradition creats a rejection of consideration areas of what was once a living culture.
p.55:
1.selection will be governed by special interest, including class interests.
2.The traditional culture od a society will always tend to correspond to its contemporary system of interests and values.
3.It is natural and inveitable that the selective tradition should follow the lines of growth of society, but because growth is complex and continuous, the relevance of past work is unforeseeable.
p.56:
1.the cultural tradition is not only a selection but also an interpretation.
2.In describing these relation, the real cultural process will emerge.
p.48:three definition of culture
1.the ideal, in which culture is a state or process of human perfection, in trems of certain absolute or universal values.
2.there is a documentary, in which culture is the body of intellectual and imaginative work, in which human thought and experience are variously record.
3.there is a social definition of culture, in which culture is a description of a particular way of life. Not only in art and learning but also in institutions and ordinaty behaviour.
==01>ideal 02>documentary 03>social
p.49:
1.looking for meanings and values not only in art and intellectual work but also in institutions and forms of behaviour.
2.I accept the criticism that these are normally an extension of the values of a particular tradition or society.
3.The variations of meaning and reference must be seen not simply as a disadvantage, but as a genuine complexity, corresponding to real elements in experience.
p.50:
1.any adequate theoru of culture must include the three areas of fact to which the definition point. And conversely that any particular definition, which would exclude reference to others, is inadequate.
p.50:
1.an 'ideal' definition which attempts to abstract the process it describes is unacceptable.
2.A 'documentary' definition which sees value only in the written and printed records is unacceptable.
3.a 'social' definition, which treats either the general process or the body of art and learning as mere by-product, is unacceptable.
4.examples for three unacceptable.
p.50:
1.while we could not abstract the ideal value or the specific document, neither could we reduce these to explanation within the local terms of particular culture.
2.It was an error to suppose that values or art-works could be adequately studied without reference to particular society, but it is equally an error to suppose that social explanation is determining.(p.50-51)
p.51
3.without activities the whole of the human organization at that place and time could not have been realized.
4.Thus, art can be seen as expressing certain elements in the organization.
5.we can only study the varying way in which the particular activities and their interrelations were affected.
p.52:
1.history of culture can only be written when the active relation are restored, and the activities seen in a genuine parity.
2.I would define the theory of culture as the study of relationships between elements in a whole way of life.
3.The analysis of culture is the attempt to discover the nature of the organization which is the complex of these relationships.
4.Analysis of particular works or the organization is analysis of their essential kind of organization.
5.it is with the discovery of patterns of a characteristic kind that any useful cultural analysis begins.
6.and it is with the relationships between these patterns that general cultural analysis is concerned.
p.53:
1.because it is on 'structure of feeling' that communication depends.
2.structure of feeling is not seem to be 'learned.'
3.one generation may train it successor, but new generation will have its own structure of feeling, which will NOT appear to have come 'from' anywhere.
p.53:
1.once a structure die, the nearest we can get is documentary culture(poems...).
2.a significance of an activity must be sought in terms of the whole organization.
p.54:
1.the survial is governed, not by the period itself, but by new period, which gradually compose a tradition.
2.no later individual can wholly recover the sense of the life within which the novels were writen, and which we now approach through our slection.
3.not only that certain general characteristics of novel in this period have been set down, but also that a reasonably agreed short list has been made.
4.yo any of us who had lived this long process through, it would remain true that elements important to us had been neglected.(why those young people don't read X any more...)(p.54-5)
p.55:
5.we are always seeing examples of this[our generation way], and one complicating factor is that none of us stay still.
6.when living witnesses had gone, a further change would occur.
p.55:
1.the selective tradition creats a general human culture.
2.the selective tradition creats the historical record of particular society.
3.the selective tradition creats a rejection of consideration areas of what was once a living culture.
p.55:
1.selection will be governed by special interest, including class interests.
2.The traditional culture od a society will always tend to correspond to its contemporary system of interests and values.
3.It is natural and inveitable that the selective tradition should follow the lines of growth of society, but because growth is complex and continuous, the relevance of past work is unforeseeable.
p.56:
1.the cultural tradition is not only a selection but also an interpretation.
2.In describing these relation, the real cultural process will emerge.
